Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive medical procedure used to treat kidney stones and other stones in the urinary tract. Here's an overview of the procedure:
What is ESWL?
ESWL is used to break kidney stones into smaller fragments that can be passed naturally through the urinary tract. High-energy shock waves are directed from outside the body (extracorporeal) to the stone inside the kidney or ureter. These shock waves break the stone into smaller pieces.
How Does ESWL Work?
1. Preparation
- Pre-procedure evaluation includes imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasounds, or CT scans to locate the stone and determine its size and density.
- Anesthesia - depending on the patient and the specifics of the procedure, local, regional, or general anesthesia may be used.
2. Procedure
- The patient lies on a water-filled cushion or directly on a table.
- The exact position of the stone is confirmed with real-time imaging.
- A series of shock waves are generated and focused on the stone. This can take about 30 to 60 minutes, depending on the size and hardness of the stone.
3. Post-procedure
- The stone fragments are small enough to pass through the urinary tract.
- Patients are usually able to go home the same day.
- Pain medications and plenty of water are recommended to help pass the fragments.
ESWL is most effective for stones smaller than 2 cm and located in the kidney or upper ureter.